The Issue of Constructive Discharge

The memorandum is written to present the requested information on the issue of constructive discharge. The purpose of this memo is to analyze the information presented in the article â€Å"Do I Have a Case for Constructive Discharge?† by John Gallagher and discuss the importance of the article’s content in relation to the problem of constructive discharge and staff turnover at the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Issue of Constructive Discharge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Constructive discharge claims can become real challenges for employers because of accusing them in supporting the hostile work environment and performing illegal actions. From this point, it is important to determine the conditions according to which discharge claims can be discussed as constructive in order to prevent performing illegal actions and the staff turnover. After analyzing the current researches, stu dies, and legal norms on the issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the article â€Å"Do I Have a Case for Constructive Discharge?† by John Gallagher in which the author discusses the associated employment law issues. The article was found while examining the Internet resources on the issue related to the problem of constructive discharge claims and hostile workplace environment. Many helpful resources were found in the library LexisNexis, the section of Labor and Employment Law. The article by Gallagher was chosen for the discussion because of providing the definition of the hostile work environment and aspects according to which employees have the right to demand the constructive discharge. In his article, the author provides the legal definition of a hostile work environment with references to the actions and situations which can be discussed as hostile in relation to employees. To define a work environment as hostile, it is necessary to state the episodes of sexual ha rassment against employees and occasions of discrimination based on race, age, gender, nationality, and religious views. This definition emphasizes the importance for employers to review the workplace policies to ensure that they are reasonable and legally acceptable in order to avoid the issues of discrimination which can lead to constructive discharge (Gallagher par. 3). Thus, various kinds of discrimination at the workplace are prohibited under the employment laws. Experiencing any type of discrimination, an employee can focus on realizing the constructive discharge.  The situations when employees can be treated unfairly are also connected with the open violation of such laws as the Family and Medical Leave Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act as well as the whistleblower statute (Gallagher par. 4).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employees’ rights are pr otected according to these laws. However, different states provide additional statutes to cover other legal issues connected with the problem of employment.  Gallagher concentrates on the fact which is important to be learned by employers and employees that unfair treatment and immoral treatment leading to constructive discharge includes only above-mentioned points. Thus, many problems in interactions between employees and their bosses and co-workers which can be discussed as immoral cannot lead to constructive discharge because these issues are based on the aspects of communication or cooperation without references to discrimination, racism, or violating the laws. The author states that there should be a substantial claim associated with the hostile work environment or work conditions which prevent employees from working effectively (Gallagher par. 5). It is necessary to accentuate the difference between the intolerable and hostile work environment and interactions between the co lleagues (Gallagher par. 8). The problem is in the fact that the laws do not provide the necessary protection for people who can suffer from the intolerable work environment. Employees and managers should know the difference between the definitions of these kinds of behaviors. The information provided in the article is important for employers because the author presents the detailed list of scenarios which can lead to employees quitting jobs discussed as constructive discharge. Thus, much attention is paid to the problem of sexual harassment as an example of a hostile work environment. It is important to note that the roles of aggressors and managers are discussed equally while analyzing the case of sexual harassment. From this point, the task of the employer is to inform employees and managers about the issue of sexual harassment and possible consequences. The next scenario is associated with the case of discrimination. Employees have the right to claim for constructive discharge, if they experience discrimination according to definite aspects, characteristics, and disabilities. Employees should know the list of aspects which are discussed as violent and discriminating. Gallagher also pays attention to the fact that employees’ claims in relation to discrimination can lead to the managers’ negative reaction. Thus, the problem of an unlawful retaliation claim is also mentioned in the article (Gallagher par. 9). The most problematic category of the laws violations associated with constructive discharge is the violation of the employment laws and acts. Thus, the employer and manager’s mistreatment of an employee based on ignorance of the FMLA or other laws and statutes can lead to the reasonable, constructive discharge because creating the working conditions which are inappropriate according to the laws (Gallagher par. 9).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Issue of Constructive Discharge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employees should pay attention to the consequences of their claims. If they notice the changes in the employer’s attitude which are closely associated with discrimination or changes in duties, employees have the right for constructive discharge because of employers’ illegal actions and attempts to prevent employees from receiving the benefits guaranteed according to the law. One of the controversial aspects is a whistleblower complaint which is not met peacefully in many organizations, but which is discussed according to the legal norms (Gallagher par. 9). The provided list of scenarios should be carefully examined by employers, managers, and employees in order to predict and prevent the problematic situations and avoid the cases of constructive discharge. The article by John Gallagher is helpful to examine the problem of constructive discharge in detail and develop the effective policy because the author puts emphas is on the fact that the standards for acceptance of constructive discharge claims are high, and they are closely associated with the legal standards required to prove the existence of a hostile work environment. The information provided in the article can be successfully used to inform managers and employees about the necessary requirements for stating the fact of developing the hostile work environment. Moreover, it is important to inform employees that the information about any aspects discussed above as leading to constructive discharge should be shared with management in order to prevent the development of illegal issues. Employers should take into account the information provided in the article because it is based on the current employment laws. Claiming for constructive discharge, employees should realize the conditions according to which their claims can be considered as reasonable because of the complex character of the issue. Works Cited Gallagher, John. Do I Have a Case fo r Constructive Discharge? 10 Oct. 2011. Web. This report on The Issue of Constructive Discharge was written and submitted by user Stella Horne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Environmental Factors Essays

Environmental Factors Essays Environmental Factors Essay Environmental Factors Essay Environmental Factors Heidi Wallen HSM/220 March 21, 2013 Environmental Factors The four external environmental factors are: economic factors, sociological factors, technological factors, and political and professional factors. The six internal factors are: organizational purpose, mission, and philosophy, Organizational planning, Organizational operations, Human resources, Technological resources, financial resources. Economic factors including knowing what financial resources the company has and where funding is coming from weather it is government funds, donated funds, fees for service, or other agency income. Sociological factors include understanding community demographic both in terms of client and community. Understand the makeup in terms of income, education, gender, age, and other demographic factors. Technological factors for human service agencies can understand how to use the equipment such as computer hardware and software as well as new treatment approaches. Political/professional factors include knowing laws and regulations from federal, state and local levels as well as a political climate, or the attitudes of community and local leaders and the general public towards the services provided. Professional factors in human services include being aware of licensing and certification standards; and staying in good working relations with these agencies. When looking at all four of the factors it is heard to say what would be the most important. They all have good value, but if I had to I would say that Sociological factors seem to be very important. One needs to know the people that you are going to help each and every day. To make sure that you are able to give them the help that they may need. Organizational Purpose is to have the understanding of a mission statement and a vision that is intended to provide the logic and the organizing theme . human service agency believes in what it hopes to achieve and what services they will provide to achieve its mission and the vision, goals that were set. Organizational planning is having a strategy and plan to identify were the organization ideally would like to be in a time frame such as five or more years. This takes some brainstorming and looking at available data so they are able to project future needs. Organizational Operations requires regular review and examination of the programs and services offered to make sure that performance is measuring up to expectations. Human Resources refer to the many functions that are involved in the supervision and management of the organization’s employees and volunteers. Staff requires a working knowledge of human resources law. Technological Resources can include support and consulting services, computer resources, financial management expertise, marketing and public relations expertise, and other technologies that may be used to support the work of the organization. Financial Resources requires a careful examination of budget documents to determine where the funding is coming from and what obligations the agency assumes in accepting funding from each of the various sources.

Pacific Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pacific Systems - Case Study Example Pacific System Corporation aims at diversifying its scoop of operation by venturing into a new business line, DVD business. However, the business has troubles determining the most ideal supplier for it products. Pacific System Corporation’s management has managed to come up with four suppliers that it find ideal for this new business line. However, one of the four suppliers is to be selected and the process of selection should be quantitatively supported. However, as much as the business wishes to venture into the DVD industry, it is bound to experience hostile reception into the industry due to the stiff competition. Moreover, the industry is prone to counterfeiting by various website operators. The DVD industry group has however filed a case against these operators so as to counter this illegal activity. Pacific System Corporation is a medium sized high technology company. PSC is located in San Francisco. During the company’s early years of operation, it specialized in production of subsystems for personal computers and engineering firms. However, in the year 2000, the company diversified its scoop of operation by adding an engineering workstation to its product offering. Over the years, the company has undergone a transition from being a single product manufacturer to a multi-product manufacturer. Moreover, the company’s growth did not stop at that. The company expanded its business in the computer industry since it forecasted a steady growth in the consumer industry since due to the steady but slow economic growth. The company indulged in outsourcing of DVD drives for that matter. Decision to outsource DVD Drives was arrived at based on the market study that the manufacturing cost of these products in-house was highly prohibitive. Pacific System Corporation need to critically analyze and quantify its purchase needs. Local sourcing is the most ideal sourcing strategy for pacific System

Ethanol Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethanol - Assignment Example However, this desirability is dependent on the production method from a varied range of biomass resources (First generation and second generation). In general Bioethanol shows great promise as a replacement for fossil fuels. The production of bioethanol is however cumbered with problems both in the acquisition of biomass and its eventual processing to the final product. Pollution, water utilization and soil degradation are some of the major drawbacks in bioethanol development. Also, fossil fuels used in production, food versus fuel problems, coupled with conflicts in competing land use interests (Larsen, Johansen & Schramm 2009). Current ethanol production are associated with N2O a more potent greenhouse gas for this reason bringing into contention the potential of bioethanol in reducing greenhouse gases and the overall objective of controlling global warming. The land cultivated for feedstock, other than economically empowering farmers, improving infrastructure and technology is likely to increase cabondioxide emissions at a greater rate that outweighs the advantage of the bioethanol. Cheap feedstock’s and high energy efficiency crops are present trends in bioethanol production. Industries that previously did not utilize their waste materials are persistently using this waste for the production of ethanol. Ethanol as fuel differs from gasoline based on properties. Ethanol is hygroscopic and prone to contamination by water, and this is further complicated by the fact that its production is favored by maintaining an optimal amount of water (Larsen, Johansen and Schramm 2009). Ethanol also has poor blending capabilities with both diesel and gasoline when it contains water and use of fuel containing some water is an issue. Problems with engine start have been reported in cold climates and also the inflammable and volatile properties of ethanol. Ethanol content in gasoline used for regular vehicles is limited up to 10% blend. However, there are vehicles

CLAFIFYING THE PURPOSE OF THE HRD EFFORT Assignment

CLAFIFYING THE PURPOSE OF THE HRD EFFORT - Assignment Example Some of the innovative production lines of the company specialize in the production of hybrid-electric automobiles, all-electric automobiles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and hydrogen fuel-cell driven vehicles (Toyota Corporation, 2013). Mission/ Goals of the Company The mission of the company reads, â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with safety and most responsible ways of moving people† (Toyota Corporation, 2013a). The goals attached to the mission statement of the company include engaging the passion and the talents of its human resource-base, towards delivering on the promise. The mission of the company emphasizes that the company intends to become a leader in the industry, which has demonstrated through the production of all-electric vehicles (Toyota Corporation, 2013a). Secondly, the company has set out to work towards the enrichment of people’s lives, with responsibility and high levels of safety. The company ha s demonstrated its commitment to the mission, through its continuous pursuit to set the standards for comfort and safety in automobiles. The mission statement of the company The mission statement of the company states the following: â€Å"To attract and attain customers using high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience in America† (Toyota Corporation, 2013a). ... The production department checks that the company meets projected production plans in a timely manner, and also checks that products of the right quality are produced by the company. Sales and marketing develop the marketing mix, promotes products and markets the products of the company. Customer service checks that the complaints of customers are effectively resolved and addressed and that service delivery is fashioned in an effective manner (Toyota Motors, 2011b). Human resources checks that the right skills and workforce is attracted by the company and that the human resources are fully utilized. Accounting is responsible for checking the threshold of business, reporting profit or losses and giving inferences on operational efficiency. Purpose of the HRD effort The role of the HRD effort in the company Traditionally, the roles of the human-resource development (HRD) departments revolve around the improvement and reshaping of the knowledge, the skills and the attitudes of the human resources of the organization. The success of the HRD effort has been evaluated through gauging the satisfaction of individuals with events, their work and other members of the organization (Woodall, 2001). Further, HRD is sometimes viewed as a value-added exercise, which is core to the business’ success. At Toyota Corporation, the HRD has been given a deeper meaning, where the HRD effort has been continually used as a tool for the management and the reshaping of the HR resources, so that they can handle the changes and the instability of the world economy and business in general (Toyota Motors, 2011b). For example, through the promotion of a culture of flexibility and information, the company has

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Policy Cycles Politics Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Policy Cycles Politics Essay The term of policy seems to have broader meaning than what government should do or not to do. Bridgman and Davis (2000, as cited by Colebatch, 2009: 47) define policy as a course of action by government designed to achieve certain results. These series of action is started with thought, moving to actions, and ended with solution. In ideal world, policies are made by government, as representatives of pubic, to eliminate some of social problems. In reality, the policy process is more complex and in certain circumstance it fails to meet the stated goals. Problems throughout policy process mean that policy phase or policy cycle is not necessarily effective in achieving its objectives. However, separately from the weaknesses, policy cycle is a useful tool to guide policy maker in policy-making. This essay will describes the strengths of policy cycle as a tool in making a policy through a good process, and its weaknesses when facing a reality in the complex world. The Strengths The strength of policy cycle in policy process lies on its stages. Each stage in the policy cycle enables decision makers to identify problems, identify and evaluate alternative policies, and selecting the most appropriate strategy. Moreover, Althaus et al. (2007) suggest that policy cycle provide policy maker with an understanding about what they should do since every stage in policy cycle is clear and identifiable steps. As an illustration, in agenda setting stage, policy maker normally set the agenda by checking problems which have emerged and gained a lot of public attention and require government intervention. In this stage policy maker should know what and why there are prevailing problems surrounding certain issues. They also need to analyze social and political context and check whether current policy is effective for being applied to certain issue as well as get the general idea that will be involved in this policy. When a set of policy alternatives have been analyzed, the n ext stage is a decision making which is then followed by implementation. Policy cycle does not stop at policy implementation stage, but continued with evaluation in which the results decision that have been taken are monitored by all parties, both inside government and other groups outside government. Each of these stages can be seen separately and it makes possible for the policy maker to identify, revisit, and reanalyze which phase has been conducted in a wrong way. In addition, stages in policy cycle can be compared separately (Davis et al 1993). For instance, the evaluation stage allows the policy maker to make a comparison between the stated goal and result that have been achieved. The next strength of policy cycle is it is a tool to get more rational decision. The policy process often involves the interaction of many parties, ranging from government itself, researchers, media to politicians (Sabatier 2003). Each of these actors and institutions have different views on an issue and policy cycle accommodate all inputs from these parties and then analyzed more deeply to get the best strategy (Howlett and Ramesh 2003). For example, in the making of energy saving policy which is one of the sensitive sectors policy maker should have a coordination with many stakeholders outside government, such as trade and industry as the parties that concerned with the utilization of energy in production activities, the private sector which have interest with this issue since it relates with the reduction of working hours, and consumer protection as a representative body of the consumer voice. All options and alternative decisions given by all stakeholders are accommodated for dee p analysis before deciding the final choice. The process involves a variety of interests is seen as the strengths of the policy cycle because the decisions are more rational. Good decisions are not solely generated from the implementation of all stages in the policy cycle however policy-making without all stages has less chance of success. As argued by Michael Keating (1996, as cited by Sabatier, 2003) good process does not always bring good policy however bad process leads to bad outcome. Policy cycle is not a series of stages that are fixed from one stage to the next. To get the best possible decision, each stage in the policy cycle could be returned to the previous stage if it is found some mistakes or insufficiency data for decision making. In many cases, the cabinet might ask policy maker to revisit the process of identification and decision analysis because of lack of information received. In addition, the policy cycle stages can be performed repeatedly to get a good policy. For example, it is possible that policy instrument stage to be repeatedly found that if taken the wrong alternative. The Weaknesses Like other approach, the policy cycle has weaknesses. Firstly, it is difficult to generate a decision when external factors, such as politics has entered into the arena (Edward, 2001, as cited in Everett, 2003). In a democratic system, policy is taken not only by the one-governance but it will involve a lot of participant or political parties, as suggested by Davis et al. (1993, as cited in Everett, 2003) that most policies resulting from negotiations between interests. These political leader are not completely independent, they bring the party goals that often does not meet with the government goals. Leaders of the party could demonstrate their interests in almost every step of the policy-making process, either in the early stages such as agenda setting and decision-making which is sometimes led to take longer time to make a decision than what is expected. Not only in the agenda setting stage, these political leaders are also using the implementation process as one opportunity to br ing back the partys interests which are not accommodated in the early stages if they proposed alternative decision is not selected by the government (Howlett and Ramesh 2003). Furthermore Everett (2003) argue that even consultation, which is considered as the most important stage in policy cycle, cannot address controversy among political interest and sometimes fail to finish the policy process with concrete decision. She gives her case study on coal transport infrastructure location as an example of political influence in the content of policy. Secondly, it is un-doubtful that policy cycle is a tool to simplify policy process however this becomes less effective when the reality is more complex and challenging, as suggested by Everett (2003) that policy cycle is normative and impractical in decision making. This view is based on argument that policy process involves many hands from various level of government, and many of them are not addressing the same problem, or even have different ideas about what would be a good answer. All these different ideas and different interests are accommodated in the policy cycle, and sometimes they can slow decision making process or even change the decision. Moreover, good policy is not only determined by a series of stage but also quality of policy makers itself to analyze problems and choose the best strategy, pressures from interest groups, and political situations (Sabatier and Jenkins Smith 1993). It is therefore need more ability to understand activities and interaction of these differ ent parties than a set of stages. Finally, other thing that should be considered in policy process is urgency of policy. In certain circumstance, government should take a decision in a short time without passing all stages in policy cycle. For example, to anticipate the impact of the global financial crisis in Indonesia, the government issued fiscal stimulus policy to support the real sector activities. This policy was made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹without doing the stages in the policy cycle such as coordination with local governments as one of the recipients of this aid. In addition, the scope of policy also becomes one of consideration that policy cycle is not necessarily applied in policy process. In certain circumstance, some of the issues that emerged were simple problems, it is therefore direct action is more appropriate rather than follow stages in policy cycle, but the same treatment cannot be applied for the problems that have a broader impact. In other words, policy cycle is not necessarily be u sed in every circumstance. Conclusion It is un-doubtful that the policy cycle is a tool to improve policy through effective series of stage. The stages in the policy cycle can provide a systematic framework to policy maker that helps them in the policy process. It also make possible for the policy maker to view each stage separately to determine the best strategy. However, it is arguable that the policy cycle can be applied in complex situations where a lot of interests enter to the arena and influence the policy process, such as politics. The other thing need to be point out is that urgency and scope of policy also become the other consideration whether policy cycle effectively explain the policy process. Despite the policy cycle has its weaknesses, every stage in policy cycle is useful tools in policy process but it does not necessarily meet the real process in decision-making.

Essay --

Opportunity Create Opportunities for Success Success begins with opportunities. For a young doctor, an opportunity could mean being assigned to work with the best doctor in the hospital. For an artist, it could be a last-minute offer to show at a famous museum. For a student, it could mean being rewarded a scholarship to travel around world and do research. â€Å"Once a king had a huge rock placed on a middle of the path. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone removes the rock. Some of the king’s affluent merchants and helpers came by and simply walked around it. Many people who passed the way loudly blamed the king for not keeping the road clear, but no one did anything for removing the stone from the way. Then a farmer came who carried heavy load of vegetables, upon approaching the rock, the farmer laid down his load and tried to move the boulder and cleared the road. After much pushing and straining, he finally succeeded. After the farmer picked up his load, he noticed a small bag laying in the road where the rock had been. The bag contained many gold coins and a note from the king which indicating that who removed the bag from the road he will win the gold. The farmer learned what many of us never understand. Every barrier provides an opportunity to improve our condition.† Opportunity is the time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something. If discovering these opportunities were a subject of simply going around into a store, rifling through a basket of opportunities, picking one, and then checking out, the order of power in the world would look completely a bit distinct. Of course, it doesn’t work that way. It’s up to us—with the cooperation of our social and personal connection—to go out, acquire and ... ...ferently? How would you treat it differently? What would you say or do differently if this were your chance? You should be ready with the answers of all these questions. Success in life, be it in some job or any area brings happiness and courage, once reached must be won over and over again. It’s not easy, but in the complex situation if we find the opportunity, its benefits are great, but it pays only to those have brave souls, who have the trust and believe in themselves. Who identify an opportunity when it comes their way, seize it, make the all efforts for it and continue to go ahead towards success. The Champion says- It may be challenging, but possible. The failure says- It is very difficult may be impossible. Now which category do you want to belong to? The champion or The failure? â€Å"Nothing is more expensive than a missed opportunity† H.Jackson Brown

Hypothesis Testing Essay

The intent of hypothesis testing is to let an person to take between two different hypotheses refering to the value of a population parametric quantity. Learning squad C has conducted a hypothesis trial environing the sum of clip spent on prep by males and females. and will turn to if there is a correlativity between the variables. Additionally. larning squad C will find if there is a positive or negative correlativity. and how strong that correlativity is between both variables. Overall. statistics can be really ambitious and we will portion some of the most enigmatic constructs experienced in Quantitative Analysis for Business therefore far. When carry oning a hypothesis trial. it is imperative that a void hypothesis is identified. The void hypothesis is the hypothesis that is assumed to be true unless there is sufficient plenty grounds to turn out that it is false ( McClave. 2011 ) . The void hypothesis for this experiment: Is the average sum of clip spent on prep by females equal to the sum of clip spent on prep by males? The ascertained significance degree is. 05. which means that there is a five per centum opportunity that we will reject the void hypothesis. even when it is true. The activity informations set provided were eight informations points for adult females and six informations points for work forces. Because of the little sample size. we have conducted a t-test for this experiment. The grades of freedom equal 12. which we assign a critical value of 2. 179 from a t-table. If the trial statistic ( t-statistic ) is less than -2. 179. or greater than 2. 179 we will reject the void hypothesis in favour of the option. The t-statistic for the clip spent on prep by work forces and adult females is – . 4899. This figure does non fall into the rejection part. so we fail to reject the void hypothesis. In other words. the average sum of clip spent on prep by work forces and adult females are equal with a 95 per centum assurance degree. We have besides determined the correlativity coefficient. The correlativity coefficient ( denoted by the missive R ) is the step of the grade of additive relationship between two variables ( Webster. edu. n. d. ) . The correlativity coefficient can be any value between negative one and one. If the correlativity coefficient mark is negative. it means tha t as one variable decreases the other variable additions. The opposite is true for a positive correlativity coefficient. if the value of one variable increases the other variable lessenings. It is of import to observe that correlativity does non needfully intend causing ; we can non presume a right decision based on correlativity entirely. For this experiment. the correlativity between work forces and adult females was 0. 346102651. When informations with values of R are close to zero. they show small to no straight-line relationship ( Taylor. 2015 ) . Even though the correlativity for this experiment was positive. it is non a strong correlativity. The closer the value of R to zero agencies that there is a greater fluctuation around the line of best tantrum ( Laerd Statistics. 2015 ) . Statisticss can be a really dashing topic. and there have been some constructs that have proven to be hard for each member of larning squad C. Many squad members struggle with the proper choice of expressions in Microsoft Excel. while others struggle to replace values into the many equations involved in statistics. There are besides legion symbols to retrieve. and decently place when calculating an equation. From a conceptual point of view. chance is tough subject to hold on. The construct itself seems unintuitive. and is hard to understand an intangible construct that is based on guesswork and the best opportunity that an person has to see one event or another is random ( chance ) . When you take that construct and seek to do it touchable by seting it into an equation. things get rather confounding. Hypothesis proving can be good when an person is seeking make up one's mind on what hypothesis to take refering to the value of a population parametric quantity. When make up one's minding to carry on hypothesis proving it is of import to travel through the five stairss of the hypothesis proving process that include: making premises. saying the nothing and alternate hypothesis. finding the right trial statistic and trying distribution. calculating the trial consequences. and construing the determination ( Boston University. n. d. ) . Interpreting the determination can include comparing the agencies for each of the groups can give a better apprehension of where each group falls as an norm. Interpreting the determination besides includes finding whether there is a correlativity between the two variables and finding whether the correlativity is positive or negative. For this experiment. the end was to find if there was a important difference for clip spent making prep by males and females. Hypothesis testing is used to find if there is adequate statistical grounds to back up a certain belief about a parametric quantity. MentionsBoston University. ( n. d. ) . The 5 stairss in hypothesis testing. Retrieved from Boston University. web site. Laerd Statistics. ( 2015 ) . Pearson-product minute correlativity. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //statistics. laerd. com/statistical-guides/pearson-correlation-coefficient-statistical-guide. php McClave. J. T. ( 2011 ) . Statistics for concern and economic sciences ( 11th ed. ) . Boston. MA: Pearson Education. Taylor. C. ( 2015 ) . How to cipher the correlativity coefficient. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //statistics. about. com/od/Descriptive-Statistics/a/How-To-Calculate-The-Correlation-Coefficient. htm Webster. edu. ( n. d. ) . Correlation. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2. Webster. edu/~woolflm/correlation/correlation. hypertext markup language

Sheena Pugh’s ‘The craft I left in was called Esau’ Poetry Analysis

We have been studying 3 of Sheena Pugh's poems which all relate to earth and mankind . In poem one titled ‘the craft I left in was called Esau' , it shows the weary travellers that had to leave earth for one reason or another in a timid and nervous mood , simply searching for a new place to live. The poem makes the reader feel tense almost waiting for something to happen. The fact they had to leave portrays a sense of imminent danger , the fact they scratched the word Esau on the door makes it seem like it was done in haste as if to say they could have been wiped out at any moment. The name Esau on the door relates to the bible story when Esau sells his heritage to his brother Jacob for a bowl of pottage which is to say that we've abused the earth. The second poem we read was called ‘Do you think we'll ever get to see earth sir? ‘ and it shows our characters taking trips to see earth like sightseers . Our teacher Christie stating the ideas concepts pointlessness as there is hardly anything to see. The third poem was called ‘Geography 1' and is about an island called Surtsey which was actually a volcano. This means that in the order of poems it shows the ‘end of the earth' , ‘returning to earth' , and ‘a new bit of earth'. In poem 1 the craft is called Esau because it insinuates that mankind threw away it's inheritance. They say in the text the name Esau was scratched on the door which portrays a sense of immediate danger or emergency which forced them to leave. ‘Incongruous' is used in the text and means something does not fit the pattern and so while the travellers are ‘joking nervously' it doesn't feel quite right somehow. We know the travellers are on their first journey of this kind because they were joking nervously as if they were just trying to ignore the fact they were travelling into the unknown. I don't think they are coming back because the reason they are nervous is that they know that if everything goes wrong then they don't have a safe-house to return to. The poet uses the word ‘still' twice in succession to emphasise it (the stillness) , a new ocean portrays a new task or challenge waiting to be mapped out. They say â€Å"it seemed natural to look for a horizon† because the word ‘natural' because it suggests that they're going purely on instinct while if it were normal then it would be a tried and tested method of tracking position. The ‘charted coastlines' mentioned in the poem suggest an unstarted map , a blindly followed path in search for a new home. â€Å"Our late guesthouse† suggests it's not the last part of the story , it isn't the end as if there's more to come or they are part of a much deeper plot. This poem has no poem but has simple language however the reader is compelled to continue reading just in case they miss something important that's about to happen. The second poem we have studied that is written by Sheena Pugh is called ‘Do you think we'll ever get to see earth sir? ‘. It is about a cynical earth survivor getting quite emotive about the concept of savouring lost memories or in this case , earth. The poem is written as a brief lecture to a student , which almost instructs the student about what to do if he sees even the smallest image of the past. The writer makes us think about the future by making us think about how we will be remembered by our descendants. While reading you can't help but think about what fate could lead to the evacuation of earth , the thing that hangs in my mind is the concept of a nuclear war , the reason this ties in with the poem is that we hear the teacher say â€Å"they're still toxic† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ nuclear war could potentially do this. This poem has a person telling it with a very sharp , sarcastic tone in their voice , this gives the impression that this person just wants the chance to forget. This poem makes me feel insecure because the best thing about earth is the sense of security you get when say†¦ at home in your room because in a way nothing can touch you there. The other thing about this poem is that it has no verses as if all the points that are made are inter-twined and need not be separated. The word ‘look' is used very often as if to say be a part of it not just stare and gaze upon it. She says things like â€Å"see it with your skin† etc which I think means that you should see it with all your senses and not just sight. If I had to pick one , my favourite word would be ‘damascening' because it sounds like a very rigorous describing word. The third poem we have studied is called ‘Geography 1' and the person in the poem is describing the birth of a new part of earth , the island of Surtsey. Surtsey was a small island that was formed by a volcanic eruption , Surtsey was said to be important because it was like seeing the earth being born again. I think Surtsey was used as a lesson to the pupils because it shows a fresh start which can lead on to better times. Throughout the poem I believe Sheena is trying to say that novelties do eventually turn old and unimportant. The mood of this poem is of a non-caring , ignorant – to – the past mood for example when he says â€Å"fancy that , but I hadn't time to look properly†. Throughout the poem Pugh makes us feel gripped and embraced until the ironic ending. The language does encourage this mood with powerful describing phrases ie â€Å"flood of colours†. I think this poem is written in verses to separate the different points the poet is trying to convey , for example in the 4th paragraph they show the novelty of Surtsey by saying â€Å"Surtsey was important† but the 5th paragraph contradicts this by saying that it was forgotten, â€Å"even the birds nested in a few years†. Christie is supposed to be teaching a Geography lesson in the poem. I quite like the phrase â€Å"with angry energy , it wanted to shout† because while reading it you do get a rush of energy. I do not like the phrase â€Å"Surtsey was important because it was like seeing the earth being born again† because I feel this point is obvious and has already been made. I do like the poem however because it has powerful phrases and has a point (volcanic eruption), which can be easily pictured because unlike the other two poems it is a concept that man can currently experience. I definitely prefer this poem as it has good describing phrases and high octane adjectives. The first poem made me feel quite tense because you had to imagine being on a ship seeing your life fade into the distance , poem two made me feel quite cynical as the fact it's a personal poem makes it easier to fal into the very plot of the character Christie and so you do see the point he is making. The third poem ‘Geography 1'gave you a feeling of having too much energy followed by too little because it's a transition from â€Å"that flood of colours† to â€Å"just an offshore island†. I did prefer the third poem because as I said before it has a conceivable concept. These three poems do show ‘the end of earth', ‘returning to earth', ‘and a new bit of earth', this shows devolution but in a way evolution because a new bit of earth implies a new, fresh start.

a compromise for the future essays

a compromise for the future essays As America enters the new millennium, our nation faces an enormous challenge. This challenge is to enable the economic expansion of recent years to continue and to reach even higher levels of prosperity. In order for this to happen, many factors will have to be examined and new policies must be implemented that will help the economy strive. In an era that has seen many changes in the regulatory policies of the American government, the future must hold an atmosphere of open-mindedness that will encourage cooperation between the major industries and those people on capital hill. They will decide what direction regulatory policies will travel towards in the new century. In the past, U.S. policy towards big industry has been aimed at giving the average consumer an edge against those companies that seek to reap the profits of business by digging deep into the pocket books of Americans. The first industry to be targeted by regulatory policies was the railroad industry. Starting with the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, the government decided to try and prevent the monopolistic exploitation of passengers by limiting fares and routes as well as entrance into the market. At the time, there were no interstate highways, no buses, and no airplanes to compete with the railroad companies. A century later, this became a matter for deregulation because railroads were not able to compete with these alternate forms of transportation that arose. The evolution of the railroad industry, as well as the regulations imposed on it, are perfect examples of why policy makers need to have an open mind when deciding on today's regulat ory policies. We live in a time that is witnessing an unprecedented surge in technology and innovation. Therefore, thinking about regulating, or for that matter deregulating industry, should not be taken lightly. As the 21st century begin ...

Camus and Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Camus and Walker - Essay Example Philosophers have exhibited efforts towards defining the critical subject of finding meaning in life. Whereas some philosophers highlight that life presents absurdity and meaninglessness, others have been highlighting aspects that present meaning to life. Camus presented his description of the absurdity in life and how this cause suicide. On the hand, Walker sought to describe how religion was critical in presenting life with meaning. This paper will summarize the views of these philosophers and reflect on them. Summary of Camus Article on Absurdity. Albert Camus was a philosopher who sought to explain the absurdity that is evident in life. According to him, life is an irrational experience that presents no meaning at all. After highlighting his conviction on the absurdity of life, he embarked on addressing the most critical question ‘why not commit suicide?’ He then embarked on presenting the issue of absurdity and suicide. According to him, answering this question required an individual to choose distinctly whether it was a worthy venture to stay alive (Pojman, and Lewis 547). He also highlighted that the majority of the approaches to the suicide issue have considered it a social phenomena. In his view, the decision to commit suicide emanated from the heart, although the person remained unaware of the surging problem. In such ignorance of the issue, the undermining effect that surrounded thinking about a certain issue overwhelms the undermined person culminating in suicide. According to him, suicide translated to a confession by a person that there was no valid reason for facing life. People who committed suicide often indulged in undermining thought that gave them the conviction that life lacked meaning. In elaboration, choosing a voluntary death meant that the person had deciphered the ridicule inherent in the habit used to validate the existence (Pojman, and Lewis 548). Usually, a person resulted to committing suicide if there was evidence of the uselessness accompanied by suffering. In such a state, the person only experiences agitation resulting from the habits defining existence, and such agitation often becomes overwhelming. The absurdity of life is the sole cause of suicide according to Camus. Sometimes, a person seeking adjectives of describing the world only find negative ones, and this has become a familiar occurrence. Such a world presents deprivation of illusions and lights that serve to make people have a sense of belonging. The deprivation results in alienation of human from th e world they live in. Apparently, as Camus explained, the alienation then triggers a separation of a person from life causing absurdity. This pattern is evident in people who contemplate suicide. Camus sought to elaborate the exact point where by absurdity caused suicide. For many people, collapsing of the stage that they base their lives on brings about weariness. This kind of weariness has the potential of triggering consciousness that causes the person to question why things happen. Such consciousness serves to highlight a high level of indifference in the future persuading the person to concentrate on the quantity of life rather than quality. He defined meaning in life as having a focus on the quality of life. Moreover, Camus also developed his argument on how presented the potential of teaching people. He then highlighted that life presented the same number of experiences for people of the same age, but the individual perception of the opportunities determined whether life pres ented meaning or absurdity. For those perceiving meaning, they concentrated on quality scales, while lucidity caused these scales to fade. Camus then proceeded to present a myth that served as an analogy to the absurdity in life. He used the myth of Sisyphus to illustrate the meaningless ventures of life (Pojman, and Lewis 550). Sisyphus had received a mandate from the gods to push a certain stone up a mountain, and watch it roll down, compelling him to repeat the

Process Analysis Outlining Agricultural Biotechnology Case Study

Process Analysis Outlining Agricultural Biotechnology - Case Study Example   Crop enhancement biotechnology is the commonest form of these procedures amid debate about the safety of crop produce and food that is increasingly penetrating the market. Developing countries have particularly been critical of propagation, dissemination, and consumption of genetically modified foods well as other produce. The world of agriculture has gradually been departing from traditional conventional  breeding  to the simpler and swifter breeding offered by biotechnology. Despite there being massive improvements in output and returns, controversy has emerged from the manner the technology is carried out as well as the effects on natural life systems. The question  remains  since most cynics remain ignorant of the procedure, its intentions and impacts, could the situation change upon outlining the procedure? The general public and agricultural biotechnologists could make a big stride  forward  if a consensus were reached on the basic stages of the procedure.   à ‚   Before any biotechnological breeding begins, a specific trait in a breed or variety of a particular crop is identified and dissatisfaction found. At the current age, biotechnologists assume that desired results from traditional conventional breeding and selection have not been forthcoming. The crop trait is identified at the molecular level, in  the form  of genes. This implies that intensive genetic studies on the crop are done to point at the specific gene on the poor trait (Nair, 749). Very complex biotechnological procedures called genome sequencing are involved. At the same time, studies on another crop or organism with the better version of the gene are carried out and the gene isolated. This second plant or organism acts as the donor of the desired trait gene. Genes are similar to a very large extent such that biotechnologists can successfully, but accurately, remove a gene from a gene donor to a gene recipient provided the gene structure and trait expressed are similar. After isolating the gene, it is kept safely in the biotechnology lab, free from damage or contamination.